ContextOS/linux.md at a24fc9cdcf3a3841ee44da0d8df1fcd0d19a9f90

x/ContextOS

Fork 1

mirror of https://shylinux.com/x/ContextOS synced 2025-05-10 22:38:11 +08:00

shylinux bcdac9d9e2 add linux note

2019-05-09 20:11:13 +08:00

24 KiB

Raw Blame History

GNU

官网：https://www.gnu.org/
grub：https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-2.00.tar.gz
bash：https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.3.30.tar.gz
libc: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libc/glibc-2.19.tar.gz
gcc：https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.8.4/gcc-4.8.4.tar.gz
gdb：https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/gdb-7.7.1.tar.gz

C99

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include <complex.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <iso646.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <tgmath.h>

#include <wchar.h>
#include <wctype.h>

POSIX.1

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <poll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>

#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>

#include <aio.h>
#include <tar.h>
#include <cpio.h>

#include <glob.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/statvfs.h>

#include <sched.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>

#include <iconv.h>
#include <langinfo.h>
#include <monetary>
#include <nl_types.h>
#include <regex.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <wordexp.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/times.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>

#include <fmtmsg.h>
#include <ftw.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <ndbm.h>
#include <search.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <utmpx.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>

#include <mqueue.h>
#include <spawn.h>

LINUX

官网：https://www.linux.org/
文档：https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
源码：https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.7.4.tar.gz
开源：https://github.com/torvalds/linux
代理：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.7.4.tar.gz

系统内核

内核源码

lib arch init kernel include drivers ipc net mm fs

firmware security crypto sound block virt

tools scripts samples Makefile Kconfig Kbuild usr

README COPYING CREDITS Documentation MAINTAINERS REPORTING-BUGS

系统启动

startup_32() // linux-2.6.12/arch/i386/kernel/head.S:57
start_kernel() // linux-2.6.12/init/main.c:424
    do_basic_setup()
        sock_init() // net/socket.c:2025
	sched_init()
    trap_init() // arch/i386/kernel/traps.c
	init_IRQ()
	init_timers()
	softirq_init()
    time_init() // arch/i386/kernel/time.c
        time_init_hook()
            setup_irq(0, timer_interrupt)

进程调度

struct task_struct { // linux-3.7.4/include/linux/sched.h:1190
    // 进程状态
    state long / TASK_RUNNING // include/linux/sched.h:108

    // 线程信息
    thread_info *struct thread_info
        task *struct task_struct
        status

    // 进程树
    parent *struct task_struct
    children struct list_head
    sibling struct list_head

    mm *struct mm_struct
        start_code
        end_code
        start_data
        end_data
        start_brk
        brk
        mmap_base
        start_stack
        arg_start
        arg_end
        env_start
        env_end

    thread struct thread_struct
        sp0
        sp
        es
        ds
        fsindex
        gsindex
        ip
        fs
        gs

    fs *struct fs_struct
    files *struct files_struct
    pid pid_t
    tgid pit_t
}

schedule()

时间管理

timer_interrupt() // arch/i386/kernel/time.c:292
do_timer_interrupt() // arch/i386/kernel/time.c:250
    do_timer_interrupt_hook()
        do_timer() // kernel/timer.c:925

系统中断

interrupt() // arch/i386/kernel/entry.S:397
do_IRQ() // arch/i386/kernel/irq.c:51
    __do_IRQ() // kernel/irq/handle.c:107
        handle_IRQ_event()

do_softirq() // arch/i386/kernel/softirq.c:158
    __do_softirq() // kernel/softirq.c:74

tasklet_schedule() // include/linux/interrupt.h
    __tasklet_schedule() // kernel/softirq.c:223

run_workqueue() // kernel/workqueue.c:145

并发同步

atomic_add() // include/asm-i386/atomic.h
spin_lock_irq() // include/linux/spinlock.h
down_interruptible() // include/asm-i386/semaphore.h
wait_for_completion() // kernel/sched.c

系统调用

system_call() // arch/i386/kernel/entry.S:225
sys_call_table[] // arch/i386/kernel/syscall_table.S
	.long sys_restart_syscall	/* 0 - old "setup()" system call, used for restarting */
	.long sys_exit() // kernel/exit.c:859
        do_exit()
        exit_mm()
        exit_sem()
        __exit_files()
        __exit_fs()
        exit_namespace()
        exit_thread()
        cpuset_exit()
        exit_keys()
        exit_notify()
        schedule()
	.long sys_fork // arch/i386/kernel/process.c:645
        do_fork() // kernel/fork.c:1192
            copy_process()
                dup_task_struct()
                copy_files()
                copy_fs()
                copy_sighand()
                copy_signal()
                copy_mm()
                sched_fork()
            wake_up_new_task()
	.long sys_read
	.long sys_write
	.long sys_open		/* 5 */
        get_unused_fd()
        filp_open()
            open_namei()
                path_lookup()
            dentry_open()
        fd_install()

	.long sys_close
    .long sys_socketcall // net/socket.c:1897
        sys_socket()
            socket_create()
                __sock_create()
                    net_families[i]->create()/inet_create()
                        inetsw_array[j]->prot->init()/tcp_v2_init_sock()
        sys_bind()
        sys_connect()
        sys_listen()
        sys_accept()
        sys_getsocketname()
        sys_getpeername()
        sys_socketpair()
        sys_send()
            sys_sendto()
        sys_sendto()
            socket_sendmsg()
                __sock_sendmsg()
        sys_recv()
            sys_recvfrom()
        sys_recvfrom()
            sock_recvmsg()
                __sock_recvmsg()
                sock->ops->recvmsg()/inetsw_array[j]->ops->recvmsg()/inet_stream_ops->recvmsg()/sock_common_recvmsg()
                    sk->sk_prot->recvmsg()/inetsw_array[j]->prot->recvmsg()/tcp_prot->recvmsg()/tcp_recvmsg()
                        sk_wait_data()
                            prepare_to_wait(sk->sk_sleep)
                            sk_wait_event()
                                release_sock()
                                    __release_sock()
                                        sk->sk_backlog_rcv()/sk->sk_prot->backlog_rcv()/inetsw_array[j]->prot->backlog_rcv()/tcp_prot->backlog_rcv()/tcp_v4_do_rcv()
        sys_shutdown()
        sys_setsocketopt()
        sys_getsocketopt()
        sys_sendmsg()
        sys_recvmsg()
        
...

网络编程

网络协议

MAC ARP IP ICMP TCP UDP SCTP RIP BGP OSPF DNS NAT DHCP FTP SSH SNMP SMTP IMAP POP3 HTTP HTML

网络命令

ifconfig
nslookup
netstat
tcpdump
telnet
ping
wget
curl

/etc/resolve.conf
/etc/hostname
/etc/hosts

网络编程

#include <sys/socket.h>
socket()
bind()
listen()
accept()
connect()
recv()
send()
shutdown()

#include <netinet/in.h>
socket_in: struct
    sin_len: uint8_t
    sin_family: sa_family_t
    sin_port: in_port_t
    sin_addr: struct in_addr
        s_addr: in_addr_t
htons()
ntohs()

#include <arpa/inet.h>
inet_addr()
inet_ntoa()
inet_aton()

#include <netdb.h>
gethostbyname()
gethostbyaddr()
getservbyname()
getservbyport()

系统调用

socket()/sys_socket() // net/socket.c:1180
	sock_create(family, type, protocol, &sock)
        __sock_create(family, type, protocol, res, 0)
            net_families[PF_INET]->create(sock, protocol)/inet_create()
                sock_init_data(sock, sk)
                    skb_queue_head_init(&sk->sk_receive_queue)
                    skb_queue_head_init(&sk->sk_write_queue)
                    skb_queue_head_init(&sk->sk_error_queue)
                    sk->sk_state_change = sock_def_wakeup
                    sk->sk_data_ready = sock_def_readable
                sk->sk_prot->init(sk)/tcp_v4_init_sock()
                    tcp_init_xmit_timers(sk)
                        tp->retransmit_timer.function = &tcp_write_timer
                        tp->delack_timer.function = &tcp_delack_timer
                        sk->sk_timer.function = &tcp_keepalive_timer
                        sk->sk_state = TCP_CLOSE
	sock_map_fd(sock)
		file->f_op = SOCK_INODE(sock)->i_fop = &socket_file_ops

bind()/sys_bind() // net/socket.c:1276
    sock->ops->bind(sock)/inet_bind()

listen()/sys_listen() // net/socket.c:1306
    sock->ops->listen(sock)/inet_listen() // net/ipv4/af_inet.c:193
        tcp_listen_start(sk)
            tp->accept_queue = tp->accept_queue_tail = NULL

accept()/sys_accept() // net/socket.c:1340
        sock->ops->accept(sock, newsock)/inet_accept() // net/ipv4/af_inet.c:590
            sk1->sk_prot->accept(sk1)/tcp_accept() // net/ipv4/tcp.c:1895
                wait_for_connect(sk, timeo)
                    prepare_to_wait_exclusive(sk->sk_sleep, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE)
                tp->accept_queue->sk

connect()/sys_connect() // net/socket.c:1410
        sock->ops->connect()/inet_stream_connect() // net/ipv4/af_inet.c:504
            sk->sk_prot->connect(sk)/tcp_v4_connect() // net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:747
                tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_SYN_SENT) // include/net/tcp.h:1607
                tcp_v4_hash_connect(sk)
                tcp_connect(sk) // net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1481
                    __skb_queue_tail(&sk->sk_write_queue, buff)
                    tcp_transmit_skb(sk, skb_clone(buff, GFP_KERNEL))
                    tcp_reset_xmit_timer(sk, TCP_TIME_RETRANS, tp->rto)
            inet_wait_for_connect(sk, timeo)
                prepare_to_wait(sk->sk_sleep, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE)

recv()/sys_recv() // net/socket.c:1592
    sock_recvfrom()
        sock_recvmsg()
            __sock_recvmsg()
            sock->ops->recvmsg()/inetsw_array[j]->ops->recvmsg()/inet_stream_ops->recvmsg()/sock_common_recvmsg()
                sk->sk_prot->recvmsg()/inetsw_array[j]->prot->recvmsg()/tcp_prot->recvmsg()/tcp_recvmsg()
                    sk_wait_data()
                        prepare_to_wait(sk->sk_sleep)
                        sk_wait_event()
                            release_sock()
                                __release_sock()
                                    sk->sk_backlog_rcv()/sk->sk_prot->backlog_rcv()/inetsw_array[j]->prot->backlog_rcv()/tcp_prot->backlog_rcv()/tcp_v4_do_rcv()
send()/sys_send() // net/socket.c:1541
    sys_send_to()
        sock_sendmsg(sock, &msg, len)
            __sock_sendmsg(&iocb, sock, msg, size)
                sock->ops->sendmsg(iocb, sock, msg, size)/tcp_sendmsg()
                    skb_entail(sk, tp, skb)
                        __skb_queue_tail(&sk->sk_write_queue, skb)
                        sk->sk_send_head = skb
                    tcp_push_one(sk, mss_now)
                        tcp_transmit_skb(sk, skb_clone(skb, sk->sk_allocation))

shutdown()/sys_shutdown() // net/socket.c:1660
    sock->ops->shutdown(sock, how)/inet_shutdown() // net/ipv4/af_inet.c:671
        sk->sk_prot->shutdown(sk, how)/tcp_shutdown() // net/ipv4/tcp.c:1571
            tcp_close_state()
            tcp_send_fin() // net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1247

内核模块

static struct inet_protosw inetsw_array[] = { // net/ipv4/af_inet.c:857
    {
        type/SOCK_STREAM
        protocol/IPPROTO_TCP
        prot/tcp_prot // net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:2593
            init/tcp_v4_init_sock
            accept/tcp_accept
            connect/tcp_v4_connect
            sendmsg/tcp_sendmsg
            recvmsg/tcp_recvmsg
            shutdown/tcp_shutdown,
        ops/inet_stream_ops // net/ipv4/af_inet.c:777
            bind/inet_bind
            listen/inet_listen
            accept/inet_accept
            connect/inet_stream_connect
            sendmsg/inet_sendmsg
            recvmsg/sock_common_recvmsg
            shutdown/inet_shutdown
    },
}

struct tcp_func ipv4_specific = { // net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:2023
	syn_recv_sock/tcp_v4_syn_recv_sock
    conn_request/tcp_v4_conn_request
	send_check/tcp_v4_send_check
	queue_xmit/ip_queue_xmit
}

enum { // include/linux/tcp.h:59
  TCP_ESTABLISHED = 1,
  TCP_SYN_SENT,
  TCP_SYN_RECV,
  TCP_FIN_WAIT1,
  TCP_FIN_WAIT2,
  TCP_TIME_WAIT,
  TCP_CLOSE,
  TCP_CLOSE_WAIT,
  TCP_LAST_ACK,
  TCP_LISTEN,
  TCP_CLOSING,	 /* now a valid state */

  TCP_MAX_STATES /* Leave at the end! */
};

module_init(inet_init) net/ipv4/af_inet.c:1115
    inet_init() net/ipv4/af_inet.c:1012
        sock_register()
            net_families[PF_INET]=inet_family_ops
        proto_register(&tcp_prot, 1)
        proto_register(&udp_prot, 1)
        proto_register(&raw_prot, 1)
        arp_init()
        ip_init()
            dev_add_pack()
        tcp_v4_init()
        tcp_init()
        icmp_init()

网卡驱动

e1000_up() // drivers/net/e1000/e1000_main.c:297
    e1000_configure_rx()
		adapter->clean_rx = e1000_clean_rx_irq
    request_irq(e1000_intr)
e1000_intr()
    adapter->clean_rx()/e1000_clean_rx_irq()
        netif_receive_skb(skb)
            deliver_skb(skb, pt_prev)
                pt_recv->func()/ip_rcv() // net/ipv4/ip_input():360
                ip_rcv_finish()
                    dst_input()
                        skb->dst->input()/ip_local_deliver()
                            ip_local_deliver_finish()
                                ipprot->handler()/tcp_v4_rcv()
                                    tcp_v4_do_rcv()
                                        TCP_LISTEN? tcp_v4_hnd_req(sk, skb)
                                            tcp_check_req(sk, skb, req, prev)
                                                tcp_acceptq_queue(sk, req, child)
                                                    tp->accept_queue = req
                                        tcp_rcv_state_process()
tcp_rcv_state_process() // net/ipv4/tcp_input.c:4688
    TCP_LISTEN? tp->af_specific->conn_request()/tcp_func->conn_request()/tcp_v4_conn_request() // net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:1396
        tcp_v4_send_synack(sk, req, dst)
    TCP_SYN_SENT? tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process(sk, skb, th, len)
        th->ack&&th->syn? tcp_ack(sk, skb, FLAG_SLOWPATH)
        th->ack&&th->syn? tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_ESTABLISHED)
			sk_wake_async(sk, 0, POLL_OUT);
    th->rst? tcp_reset()
        tcp_done()
            tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_CLOSE)
    th->ack?
        TCP_SYN_RECV? tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_ESTABLISHED)
        TCP_SYN_RECV? sk_wake_async(sk,0,POLL_OUT)
        TCP_FIN_WAIT1? tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2)
        TCP_CLOSING? tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_TIME_WAIT, 0)
        TCP_LAST_ACK? tcp_done()
    tcp_urg(sk, skb, th)
    TCP_ESTABLISHED? tcp_data_queue(sk, skb)
            __skb_queue_tail(&sk->sk_receive_queue, skb)
            th->fin? tcp_fin(skb, sk, th)
                TCP_SYN_RECV? tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_CLOSE_WAIT)
                TCP_ESTABLISHED? tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_CLOSE_WAIT)
                TCP_FIN_WAIT1? tcp_send_ack(sk);
                TCP_FIN_WAIT1? tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_CLOSING);
                TCP_FIN_WAIT2? tcp_send_ack(sk);
                TCP_FIN_WAIT2? tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_TIME_WAIT);
            sk->sk_data_ready()/sock_def_readable()
                wake_up_interruptible(sk->sk_sleep)
                sk_wake_async(sk,1,POLL_IN)

并发编程

文件

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
fcntl()sys_fcntl() // fs/fcntl.c:333
open()/sys_open() // fs.open.c:933
    fd = get_unused_fd()
    f = filp_open()
        nd = open_namei(filename)
            path_lookup(name, nd)
                nd->mnt = mntget(current->fs->rootmnt);
                nd->dentry = dget(current->fs->root);
                nd->mnt = mntget(current->fs->pwdmnt);
                nd->dentry = dget(current->fs->pwd);
                link_path_walk(name, nd);
                    __link_path_walk(name, nd);
                        do_lookup(nd, &this, &next);
                            real_lookup(nd->dentry, name, nd);
                                dir->i_op->lookup(dir, dentry, nd)/ext3_lookup()
                                    ext3_find_entry(dentry, &de)
            __lookup_hash(&nd->last, nd->dentry, nd)
                cached_lookup(base, name, nd)
                new = d_alloc(base, name)
                inode->i_op->lookup(inode, new, nd)
            vfs_create(dir->d_inode, path.dentry, mode, nd)
                dir->i_op->create(dir, dentry, mode, nd)/ext3_create()
                    inode = ext3_new_inode(handle, dir, mode)
                        new_inode()
                            alloc_inode(sb)
                                sb->s_op->alloc_inode(sb)
                    inode->i_op = &ext3_file_inode_operations;
                    inode->i_fop = &ext3_file_operations;
        dentry_open(nd.dentry, md.mnt)
            f->f_dentry = dentry
            f->f_vfsmnt = mnt
            inode = dentry->d_inode
            f->f_op = fops_get(inode->i_fop)
            f->f_op->open(inode,f)
    fd_install(fd, f)
        files->fd[fd] = f
read()/sys_read() // fs/read_write.c:312
    file_pos_read()
    vfs_read()
        rw_verify_area(READ, file, pos, count)
            locks_mandatory_area()
                __posix_lock_file(inode, &fl)
                wait_event_interruptible(fl.fl_wait, !fl.fl_next)
        file->f_op->read(file, buf, count, pos)/do_sync_read()
            filp->f_op->aio_read(&kiocb, buf, len, kiocb.ki_pos)/generic_file_aio_read()
                __generic_file_aio_read(iocb, &local_iov, 1, &iocb->ki_pos)
                    do_generic_file_read(filp,ppos,&desc,file_read_actor)
                        do_generic_mapping_read(filp->f_mapping)
                            find_get_page(mapping, index)
                                radix_tree_lookup(&mapping->page_tree, offset)
                                page_cache_get(page)
                        mapping->a_ops->readpage(filp, page)/ext3_readpage()
                            mpage_readpage()
                                do_mpage_readpage()
                                    mpage_bio_submit(READ, bio)
                                        submit_bio(rw, bio)
                                            generic_make_request(bio)
                                                block_wait_queue_running(q)
                                                    prepare_to_wait_exclusive(&rl->drain, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE)
    file_pos_write()
write()/sys_write() // fs/sys_write():330
    file_pos_read(file)
    vfs_write(file, buf, count, &pos)
        rw_verify_area(WRITE, file, pos, count)
            file->f_op->write(file, buf, count, pos)/do_sync_write()
                filp->f_op->aio_write(&kiocb, buf, len, kiocb.ki_pos)/ext3_file_write()
                    generic_file_aio_write(iocb, buf, count, pos)
                        __generic_file_aio_write_nolock(iocb, &local_iov, 1, &iocb->ki_pos)
                            generic_file_buffered_write(iocb, iov, nr_segs, pos, ppos, count, written)
                            a_ops->commit_write(file, page, offset, offset+bytes)/ext3_writeback_commit_write()
                                generic_commit_write(file, page, from, to)
                                __block_commit_write(inode,page,from,to)
                        sync_page_range(inode, mapping, pos, ret)
    file_pos_write(file, pos)
current:*struct task_struct
    fs:*struct fs_struct
        pwd:*struct dentry
        root:*struct dentry
        altroot:*struct dentry
        pwdmnt:*struct vfsmount
        rootmnt:*struct vfsmount
        altrootmnt:*struct vfsmount
    files:*struct files_struct
    fd:**struct file // include/linux/fs.h:576
        f_pos:loff_t
        f_count:atomic_t
        f_op:*struct file_operations
        f_dentry:*struct dentry // include/linux/dcache.h:83
            d_name:struct qstr
            d_inode:*struct inode // include/linux/fs.h:427
                i_ino:unsigned long
                i_size:loff_t
                i_op:*struct inode_operations/ext3_dir_inode_operations
                    lookup:ext3_lookup
                    create:ext3_create
                i_op:*struct inode_operations/ext3_file_inode_operations
                i_op:*struct inode_operations/ext3_symlink_inode_operations
                i_op:*struct inode_operations/ext3_fast_symlink_inode_operations

                i_fop:*struct file_operations/ext3_dir_operations
                i_fop:*struct file_operations/ext3_file_operations
                    open:generic_file_open
                    ioctl:ext3_ioctl
                    read:do_sync_read
                    write:do_sync_write
                    aio_read:generic_file_aio_read
                    aio_write:ext3_file_write
                    llseek:generic_file_llseek
                    release:ext3_release_file
                i_mapping:*struct address_space
                    a_ops:*struct address_space_operations/ext3_writeback_aops
                        commit_write:ext3_writeback_commit_write
                        writepage:ext3_writeback_writepage
            d_op:*struct dentry_operations
            d_sb:*struct super_block
                s_op:*struct super_operations
        f_vfsmnt:*struct vfsmount

ext3_sops:struct super_operations
	alloc_inode:ext3_alloc_inode
	destroy_inode:ext3_destroy_inode
    read_inode:ext3_read_inode
	write_inode:ext3_write_inode
module_init(init_ext3_fs)
    register_filesystem(&ext3_fs_type)

/dev/null
/dev/stdio
/dev/stdout
/dev/stderr


#include <unistd.h>
STDIN_FILENO
STDOUT_FILENO
STDERR_FILENO

read()
write()
lseek()
close()

ioctl()

sync()
fsync()
fdatasync()

信号

signal()

进程并发

fork() exec() exit() wait()

线程并发

pthread_create() pthread_self() pthread_exit() pthread_join() pthread_detach()

pthread_mutex_lock() pthread_mutex_unlock()

pthread_cond_wait() pthread_cond_signal()

系统编程

启动

/etc/passwd /etc/shadow fork() setsid()

配置

多路

select() epoll()

日志

#include <errno.h>
errno:int

#include <string.h>
strerror()

#include <stdio.h>
perror()

#include <syslog.h>
syslog()

用户

/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/group

getuid()
getpid()

调试

定时

延时

alarm()

集群

存储

Compile

linux-3.7.4/Makefile
include $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile # linux-3.7.4/Makefile:495

sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev make defconfig make menuconfig make make tags

GCC

gcc -E hi.c -o hi.i gcc -S hi.c gcc -c hi.c

ar -r hi.a hi.o he.o gcc -shared -fPIC -o hi.so hi.c he.c gcc -L./ -lhi main.c

nm readelf -S hi.o objdump -d hi.o hexdump -C hi.o

GRUB

下载：ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-2.00.tar.gz BIOS MBR GRUB

内核启动

startup_32() // arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S:88
i386_start_kernel() // arch/x86/kernel/head32.c:31
start_kernel() // init/main.c:468
    mm_init()
    sched_init()
    console_init()
    signals_init()
    rest_init()
        kernel_thread(kernel_init)
            do_fork() // kernel/fork.c:1548
                copy_process()
                wake_up_new_task() // kernel/sched/core.c:1622
                    activate_task()
                        enqueue_task(rq, p)

kernel_init() // init/main.c:805
    run_init_process()
        kernel_execve() // fs/exec.c:1710
            do_execve()
                do_execve_common()
                    open_exec()
                    sched_exec() // kernel/sched/core.c:2538
                        select_task_rq()
                    bprm_mm_init()
                    prepare_binprm()
                    search_binary_handler()
                        formats[i]->load_binary()

fair_sched_class() // kernel/sched/fair.c:5308
    select_task_rq_fair()
    pick_next_task_fair()
        pick_next_entity()
            __pick_first_entity()
                rb_entry()

formats[i]->load_binary()
    load_elf_binary() // fs/binfmt_elf.c:561
        current->mm->start_stack
        set_brk(elf_bss, elf_brk)

        start_thread() // arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c:200
formats[i]->load_binary()
    load_script()
        bprm_change_interp()
        open_exec()
        prepare_binprm()
        search_binary_handler()

24 KiB Raw Blame History Unescape Escape

GNU

LINUX

系统内核

内核源码

系统启动

进程调度

时间管理

系统中断

并发同步

系统调用

网络编程

网络协议

网络命令

网络编程

系统调用

内核模块

网卡驱动

并发编程

文件

信号

进程并发

线程并发

系统编程

启动

配置

多路

日志

用户

调试

定时

延时

集群

存储

Compile

GCC

GRUB

内核启动

24 KiB

Raw Blame History