forked from x/ContextOS
290 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
290 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
## linux
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- 官网：<https://www.linux.org/>
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- 文档：<https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/>
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- 源码：<https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.7.4.tar.gz>
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- 开源：<https://github.com/torvalds/linux>
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- 代理：<https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.7.4.tar.gz>
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## 内核源码
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lib
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arch
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init
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kernel
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include
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drivers
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ipc
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net
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mm
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fs
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firmware
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security
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crypto
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sound
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block
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virt
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tools
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scripts
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samples
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Makefile
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Kconfig
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Kbuild
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usr
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README
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COPYING
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CREDITS
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Documentation
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MAINTAINERS
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REPORTING-BUGS
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## 系统启动
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```
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startup_32() // linux-2.6.12/arch/i386/kernel/head.S:57
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start_kernel() // linux-2.6.12/init/main.c:424
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sched_init()
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trap_init() // arch/i386/kernel/traps.c
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init_IRQ()
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init_timers()
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softirq_init()
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time_init() // arch/i386/kernel/time.c
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time_init_hook()
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setup_irq(0, timer_interrupt)
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```
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## 进程调度
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```
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schedule()
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```
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## 系统中断
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```
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interrupt() // arch/i386/kernel/entry.S:397
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do_IRQ() // arch/i386/kernel/irq.c:51
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__do_IRQ() // kernel/irq/handle.c:107
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handle_IRQ_event()
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do_softirq() // arch/i386/kernel/softirq.c:158
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__do_softirq() // kernel/softirq.c:74
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tasklet_schedule() // include/linux/interrupt.h
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__tasklet_schedule() // kernel/softirq.c:223
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run_workqueue() // kernel/workqueue.c:145
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```
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## 并发同步
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```
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atomic_add() // include/asm-i386/atomic.h
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spin_lock_irq() // include/linux/spinlock.h
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down_interruptible() // include/asm-i386/semaphore.h
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wait_for_completion() // kernel/sched.c
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```
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## 时间管理
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```
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timer_interrupt() // arch/i386/kernel/time.c:292
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do_timer_interrupt() // arch/i386/kernel/time.c:250
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do_timer_interrupt_hook()
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do_timer() // kernel/timer.c:925
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```
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## 系统调用
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```
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system_call() // arch/i386/kernel/entry.S:225
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sys_call_table[] // arch/i386/kernel/syscall_table.S
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.long sys_restart_syscall /* 0 - old "setup()" system call, used for restarting */
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.long sys_exit() // kernel/exit.c:859
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do_exit()
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exit_mm()
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exit_sem()
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__exit_files()
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__exit_fs()
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exit_namespace()
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exit_thread()
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cpuset_exit()
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exit_keys()
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exit_notify()
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schedule()
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.long sys_fork // arch/i386/kernel/process.c:645
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do_fork() // kernel/fork.c:1192
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copy_process()
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dup_task_struct()
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copy_files()
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copy_fs()
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copy_sighand()
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copy_signal()
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copy_mm()
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sched_fork()
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wake_up_new_task()
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.long sys_read
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.long sys_write
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.long sys_open /* 5 */
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get_unused_fd()
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filp_open()
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open_namei()
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path_lookup()
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dentry_open()
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fd_install()
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.long sys_close
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.long sys_waitpid
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.long sys_creat
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.long sys_link
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.long sys_unlink /* 10 */
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.long sys_execve
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.long sys_chdir
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.long sys_time
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...
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```
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## 进程管理
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```
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struct task_struct {
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// 进程状态
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state long / TASK_RUNNING // include/linux/sched.h:108
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// 线程信息
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thread_info *struct thread_info
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task *struct task_struct
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status
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// 进程树
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parent *struct task_struct
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children struct list_head
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sibling struct list_head
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mm *struct mm_struct
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binfmt *struct linux_binfmt
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thread struct thread_struct
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esp0
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eip
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esp
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fs
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gs
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fs *struct fs_struct
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files *struct files_struct
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signal *struct signal_struct
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pid pid_t
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tgit pid_t
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}
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```
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## Compile
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```
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linux-3.7.4/Makefile
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include $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile # linux-3.7.4/Makefile:495
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```
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sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
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make defconfig
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make menuconfig
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make
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make tags
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## GCC
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gcc -E hi.c -o hi.i
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gcc -S hi.c
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gcc -c hi.c
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ar -r hi.a hi.o he.o
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gcc -shared -fPIC -o hi.so hi.c he.c
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gcc -L./ -lhi main.c
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nm
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readelf -S hi.o
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objdump -d hi.o
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hexdump -C hi.o
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## GRUB
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- 下载：<ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-2.00.tar.gz>
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BIOS MBR GRUB
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## 内核启动
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```
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startup_32() // arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S:88
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i386_start_kernel() // arch/x86/kernel/head32.c:31
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start_kernel() // init/main.c:468
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mm_init()
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sched_init()
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console_init()
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signals_init()
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rest_init()
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kernel_thread(kernel_init)
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do_fork() // kernel/fork.c:1548
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copy_process()
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wake_up_new_task() // kernel/sched/core.c:1622
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activate_task()
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enqueue_task(rq, p)
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kernel_init() // init/main.c:805
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run_init_process()
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kernel_execve() // fs/exec.c:1710
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do_execve()
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do_execve_common()
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open_exec()
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sched_exec() // kernel/sched/core.c:2538
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select_task_rq()
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bprm_mm_init()
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prepare_binprm()
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search_binary_handler()
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formats[i]->load_binary()
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fair_sched_class() // kernel/sched/fair.c:5308
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select_task_rq_fair()
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pick_next_task_fair()
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pick_next_entity()
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__pick_first_entity()
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rb_entry()
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formats[i]->load_binary()
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load_elf_binary() // fs/binfmt_elf.c:561
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current->mm->start_stack
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set_brk(elf_bss, elf_brk)
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start_thread() // arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c:200
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formats[i]->load_binary()
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load_script()
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bprm_change_interp()
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open_exec()
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prepare_binprm()
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search_binary_handler()
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struct task_struct { // linux-3.7.4/include/linux/sched.h:1190
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mm *struct mm_struct
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start_code
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end_code
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start_data
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end_data
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start_brk
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brk
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mmap_base
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start_stack
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arg_start
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arg_end
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env_start
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env_end
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thread struct thread_struct
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sp0
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sp
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es
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ds
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fsindex
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gsindex
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ip
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fs
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gs
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fs *struct fs_struct
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files *struct files_struct
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pid pid_t
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tgid pit_t
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}
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```
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